WHY the CONFUSION?

Federal Constitution - Article 48

Disqualification for membership of Parliament

48. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Article, a person is

disqualified for being a member of either House of Parliament if—

(a) he is and has been found or declared to be of

unsound mind; or

(b) he is an undischarged bankrupt; or

(c) he holds an office of profit; or

(d) having been nominated for election to either House of

Parliament or to the Legislative Assembly of a State, or

having acted as election agent to a person so nominated,

he has failed to lodge any return of election expenses

required by law within the time and in the manner so

required; or

(e) he has been convicted of an offence by a court of law

in the Federation (or, before Malaysia Day, in the territories

comprised in the State of Sabah or Sarawak or in Singapore)

and sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than

one year or to a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit

and has not received a free pardon; or

(f) he has voluntarily acquired citizenship of, or exercised

rights of citizenship in, any country outside the Federation

or has made a declaration of allegiance to any country

outside the Federation.

p/s Which is SUPREME, the Federal Constitution or some judge who is going out of his way to prevent a by-election?

BTW, is the judge not overstepping his boundary by stating that the RM3,000 (initial fine) was reduced to RM2,000 to prevent a by-election.

Pardon my ignorance but I thought the judge was just supposed to weigh the offence and mete out the punishment, and not be unduly worried about by-elections.

Election judge kah?